Biological patents and biopiracy.

Until several hundred years ago, ownership and protection has but been granted to objects of a physical or concrete nature, such as a piece of land or a building. However, people began to feel the need to protect and receive mention for their conceptions and other products of their intellectual capacity. This desire is the driving force for the demesne of intellectual property rights. Traditionally, intellectual property rights defend the creations of the posture such as literary or artistic works, designs and symbols (WIPO). In the past 20 years, a nonher item has been selected to be defend under intellectual property rights: genes and other biological materials. The pricy prominent type of intellectual property utilize in protection of biological material is patents. In assemble to be eligible for a patent, the invention must satisfy the tercet criteria of novelty, utility program and non-obviousness (WIPO). The requirement of novelty means that the inv ention has not been available to the public, through printed publications or commercial sales, or has not applied for a introductory patent (Patent Basics). Anything that indicates the previous humankind of the invention, or anything similar to it, is termed prior art (Patent Basics). The coach of utility indicates that the invention must have a subprogram (WIPO).

The nett prerequisite of non-obviousness specifies that a person with ordinary acquisition in the art would not be likely to turn the kindred invention, even cognizeing all there was to know in the prior art. (Patent Basic). Modern inheritable engineering practices and enquiry requires l! arge amounts of hereditary material and organisms, especially in the field of agricultural development. Corporations and other private entities began to scout for new organisms and genetic material to make out down their practices and as well as profits. The term biodiversity prospecting, or bioprospecting, is used to describe this activity. According... If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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